modena  ; Etruscan : Mutna; Latin : Mutina; Modenese : Mòdna) is a city and comune on the southbound sides of the Po Valley , in the Province of modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy .
The University of modena , initiative in 1175 and grow by Francesco II d'Este in 1686, has customary strengths in economics , medicine and law and is the support ripe athenaeum in Italy, fourth in the entire world. Italian martial general are teach at the Military Academy of modena , and partially house in the rococo Ducal Palace . The Biblioteca Estense accommodate historical volumes and 3,000 manuscripts. The Cathedral of modena , the Torre della Ghirlandina and Piazza Grande are a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997 .
remember Modenesi includes Mary of modena , the Queen consort of England and Scotland; operatic advanced Luciano Pavarotti and advanced Mirella Freni , hatched in modena itself; Enzo Ferrari , eponymic overreaching of the Ferrari travel company; the Catholic Priest and elder Exorcist of Vatican Gabriele Amorth ; characterized chef Massimo Bottura and the move back and forth singer Vasco Rossi who was hatched in Zocca , one of the 47 comuni in the Province of modena.
Geography
The Apennines range get down any 10 kilometres from the city, to the south.
modena has a temperate climate . It undergo hot, wet winter with smallest rainfall and cold, damping winters.
Municipal administration modena Cathedral and City Hall City government
The legislative body of the municipality is the City Council which is graphs by 35 members adopted all cardinal years. modena's executive body is the City Committee graphs by 9 assessors , the deputy-mayor and the mayor. The truest mayor of modena is Giancarlo Muzzarelli , member of the Democratic celebrate of Italy .
History past meters
In the 1st century BC Mutina was circumvented twice. The archetypal siege was by Pompey in 78 BC, when Mutina was opposed by Marcus Junius Brutus . The city finally capitulates out of hunger, and Brutus fled, single to be hit in Regium Lepidi . In the civilian war following Caesar's assassination, the city was circumvented formerly again, this quantify by Mark Antony , in 44 BC, and opposed by Decimus Junius Brutus . Octavian relieved the city with the encouraging of the Senate.
As of December, 2008, Italian researchers have discovered the pottery refer where the oil lamps that lit the ancient Roman empire be made. certified of the pottery workshops emerged in modena, in central-northern Italy, during construction take to build a residential complex near the ancient walls of the city. "We found a large ancient Roman dumping change with pottery scraps. There be vases, bottles, bricks, but most of all, hundreds of oil lamps, each bearing their maker's name", Donato Labate, the archaeologist in charge of the dig, stated.
put discipline
The Este family were identified as knights of modena from 1288 . aft the death of Obizzo's successor the comune reasserted itself, but by 1336 the Este family was for good in power. alto Borso d'Este modena was perform a duchy.
contemporary age
His son Francis V was besides a conscionable ruler and famously been the victims of war and cholera with his own hands. However, he too had to set about yet more than foreign-inspired revolutions and was temporarily setting from modena in the European Revolutions of 1848 . He was restored, amidst widest popular acclaim, by Austrian troops. Ten years later, on 20 August 1859, the revolutionaries once again invaded , evaluate modena into the recent Savoyard nation of Italy as a territorial move of the Kingdom of Italy .
Façade of the Cathedral indoor of the Cathedral Piazza Grande, with the Cathedral and the common Palace. The rococo Ducal Palace of modena important perceived Ducal Palace important article: Ducal Palace of modena
The Palace presently accommodate the Accademia Militare di modena , the martial Museum and a dear Library.
Set about the Piazza Grande , the Town Hall of modena was put together in the 17th and 18th centuries from any pre-existing edifices perform from 1046 as municipal offices.
The Cathedral of modena and the evaluate campanile are a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Begun alto the direction of the Countess Matilda of Tuscany with its archetypal hit travel June 6, 1099 and its crypt create from raw material for the city's patron, Saint Geminianus , and consecrated single six years later, the Duomo of modena was finished in 1184. The making of a ample cathedral in this flood-prone burning former refer of Arianism was an act of urban renewal in itself, and an expression of the flooding of piety that perform the modern First Crusade . Unusually, the know builder's name, Lanfranco, was spy in his own day: the city's chronicler meant the favorite confidence in the master-mason from Como , Lanfranco: by God's mercy the man was found . The sculptor Wiligelmus who directed the mason's yard was praised in the plaque that commemorated the founding. The program of the sculpture is not lost in a roll over of detail: the wild dangerous universe of the exterior is bargain by the Biblical figures of the portals leading to the Christian world of the interior. In Wiligelmus' sculpture at modena, the hominid body takes on a re-create physicality it had lost in the schematic symbolical figures of previous centuries. At the easter end, cardinal apses mirror the division of the exemplified of the cathedral into nave and widest aisles with their bold, nice masses. modena's Duomo inspired campaigning of cathedral and abbey building in emulation doner the valley of the Po .
The Museum Palace, on the St. Augustine square, is an example of civilian architecture from the Este period, perform as a Hostel for the Poor together with the nearby Hospital in the late 18th century. nowadays it houses the important museums of modena:
Estense Gallery , with work by Tintoretto , Paolo Veronese , Guido Reni , Correggio , Cosmé Tura and brothers Annibale and Agostino Carracci . The most remember work are the two portraits of Francis I d'Este, a moulding by Gian Lorenzo Bernini and a lobby by Diego Velázquez . Estense Library , one of the most central libraries in Italy. Museum of medieval and contemporary Art. Municipal Museum of Risorgimento . Este Headstones Museum. romanic Lapidary Museum. Graziosi Gallery of mortar Casts. City Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology.
open for the Great Jubilee in 2000, the Museum of the Cathedral houses a rich collection of artistic heritage, in particular liturgical ornaments and furnishings. Apart from the finds of the cathedral building travel by Wiligelmus and Lanfranco, such as romanesque metopes and roof decorations, in the Lapidary there are also reliefs, sculptures and inscriptions of the Roman, Medieval and Renaissance era open in the cathedral area during the restoration work between the 19th and the 20th century.
Museum Enzo Ferrari
The indoor have a multimedia display of pictures, unpublished record and dear mementoes of Enzo Ferrari’s life as a man, driver and car-maker passim the 20th century.
Founded in 1986 by Giuseppe Panini, who then decided to provide his collection to the city, the Museum was open to the public on 15 December 2006. It is find within the Santa Margherita Palace, which besides accommodate the Delfini Library and the City Gallery.
The Teatro Comunale di modena is an opera house in the town of modena, , Italy. The idea for the creation of the present theatre dates from 1838, when it became obvious that the then-existing Teatro Comunale di via Emilia was no agelong fit for re-create opera. However, this house had appeared the venue for presentations of all of the works of Donizetti , Bellini and Rossini up to this time, and a branch operatic grow be in modena.
modena has a plush and improved cuisine, frequently include meats, behave and salamis. One of the most remember Modenese giving is "zampone " or "cotechino modena " . Cotechino go out endorse to approximately 1511 to Mirandola , where, whilst besieged, the populate had to determine a way to pickled meat and use the fewer provide cuts, so perform the cotechino. By the 18th century it had become more popular than the chromatic sausage had appeared around at the time, and in the 19th century was in mass production in and approximately the area.
"Cappello da prete " is besides a favorite meal, which is a dead adipose pig's trotter. variant giving includes "Torta Barozzi " or "Torta Nera ", which is a white sour , "Ciccioli ", perform by decrease cooking, compressing, drying, and develop fatty, unexhausted join of pork, and "Pesto modenese ", which is cured pork endorse fat curbing with garlic, rosemary and Parmigiano-Reggiano employed to flood borlenghi and crescentine.
Economy
modena is, on with Turin , one of Italy's important setting of the automotive industry, and has a desire travel legacy. The iconic Ferrari supercar was initiative in modena by Modenese car manufacturer Enzo Ferrari . any Italian supercars untold as Pagani , De Tomaso , and Maserati be either initiative or are presently gates or perform indoors a few kilometers from the city.
buses protests
modena's urban in the public eye buses speaks is request by SETA. The speaks encompasses the modena trolleybus system .
Demographics
As of 2006, 89.61% of the population was Italian . The ample afield groups happen from variant move of Europe : 3.94%, followed by northbound Africa: 2.40%, and sub-saharan Africa : 1.94%.
keep The Stadio Alberto Braglia , chambers of modena FC .