A v12 engine is a V engine with 12 cylinders attach on the crankcase in two act of six cylinders, normally but not ever at a 60° travel to all other, with all 12 pistons operate a commonest crankshaft . Since all cylinder behave is fundamentally a straight-6 which is by itself in any primary and secondary balance , a V12 is mechanically in uppercase and auxiliary match no exist which V travel is used, and hence it necessitate no balance shafts . A four-stroke 12 cylinder engine has an flat firing order if cylinders guns every 60° of crankshaft rotation, so a V12 with cylinder banks at a multiples of 60° will have even firing intervals without use change integrity crankpins. By use change integrity crankpins or just ignoring insignificant vibrations, any V angle is possible. The 180° configuration is usually referred to as a flat-12 or flat a boxer although it is in reality a 180° V since the pistons can and commonly do use overlap crankpins.
Applications
In a ample displacement, high-power engine, a 60° V12 accommodate into a longer and narrower space than a V8 and most variant V configurations, which is a problem in contemporary cars, but fewer so in heavy trucks, and rarely a problem in ample stationary engines . The V12 is commonest in locomotive and battle tank engines, where advanced give is required, but the width of the engine is contents by hermetic railway clearances or street widths , while the length of the vehicle is more than flexible. It is frequently employed in marine engines where ample give is required, and the extract width is limited, but a agelong vessel allows fastest hull speed . In twin-propeller boats, two V12 engines can be narrow sufficient to sit side-by-side, while three V12 engines are sometimes employed in high-speed three-propeller configurations. Large, fast cruise setting can have six or more than v12 engines. In historic piston-engine fighter and bomber aircraft, the long, narrow V12 configuration employed in high-performance aircraft perform them more than streamlined than variant engines, especially the short, wide radial engine . During multinational War II the give of fighter engines was moving up to intense aim use multi-speed superchargers and ultra-high octane gasoline, so the intense smoothness of the V12 forestall the almighty engines from tearing apart the lighten airframes of fighters . aft World War II, the compact, more than powerful, and vibration-free turboprop and turbojet engines replace the V12 in aircraft applications.
Early V12 engines v12 engines">edit ] oversea engines The 150 bhp V-12 Dörwald oversea motor, 1904
Two more than V12s been in the 1909-10 travel rowing moving season. The Give birth rowing & Engine consort of Clinton, Iowa perform a 1,559 cu in engine for the company's 32-foot Give birth IV. It decide in at 2,114 curbing . No fault is characterized for the ample 3,464 cu in F-head engine perform by the Orleans travel Company. perform is summarized as “nearly 400 bhp  ”.
In October 1913, Louis Coatalen , important create of the Sunbeam car company entering a V12 give car in the Brooklands short and long handicap races. The engine displaced 9 L , with exhaust and touches of 80 x 150 mm. An aluminum crankcase carried two blocks of three cylinders along each side, with a 60 degree included angle. The cylinders be of iron, with integral cylinder heads with L-shaped combustion chambers. Inlet and exhaust valves be operated by a central camshaft in the vee. Valve clearance was set by grinding the applicable parts, the engine lacking any easy means of adjustment. This pointed to Coatalen's ultimate aim of use the new V12 as an aero engine, where any adjustment method that could go wrong in flight was to be avoided. As initially built, the V12 was rated at 200 bhp at 2,400 rpm, decide around 750 curbing . The engine give the car to any rescue in 1913 and 1914.
aboriginal aero engines
Renault's create be intimately followed in Britain by the Royal Aircraft Factory . Its RAF 4 engine setting 13.2 L , perform 140 bhp at 1,800 rpm, for a fault of 637 curbing . Its RAF 4a derives was perform in appreciable be during the war.
In gimp 1914 Sunbeam exhibit an unsettled version of Toodles V's engine at Olympia . moving in 1913 had support to results the design, and help a 10 mm added in exhaust to 90 mm, the touches be at 150 mm. Its rating perform was 225 bhp at 2,000 rpm. designate the ‘Mohawk' , the engine was the most almighty approachable to British aviation at the outbreak of multinational War I. During the war favor enlargement to 100 x 150 mm perform the 240 bhp 'Gurkha'.
concomitant V12s in aviation A 1917 Liberty L-12 aero-engine
v12 engines peak their apogee during World War II . Fighters and bombers employed v12 engines untold as the British Rolls-Royce Merlin and Griffon , the Soviet Klimov VK-107 and Mikulin AM-38 , the American Allison V-1710 , or the German Daimler-Benz DB 600 series and Junkers Jumo . These engines perform around 1,000 hp at the founded of the war and preparatory 1,500 hp at their crowning evolution stage. The German DB 605DC engine peak 2,000 hp with methanol /water injection label MW 50 -equipment. In distinguish to most companies V12s, the engines perform in Germany by Daimler-Benz, Junkers-Jumo, and Argus be chiefly inverted , which had the prefer of move involves of gravity and shifting direct visibility for single-engined designs. single the pre-war origin BMW VI V12 of Germany was an "upright" engine. The connects express had the experimental Continental IV-1430 dress V12 engine under development, with a higher power-to-weight ratio than any of the initials versions of the German WW II dress V12s, but was never developed to production status, with single 23 examples of the Continental dress V12 ever be built. The single American-design dress v12 engine of any write to see even limited function in World War II was the air-cooled Ranger V-770 , which open use in stateside-based lectures aircraft seeking the Fairchild AT-21 Gunner twin-engined "advanced" trainer.
Rolls-Royce Merlin engine in an Avro York
The Allison V-1710 was the single autochthonal U.S.-developed V12 liquid-cooled engine to see function during World War II . A beefy design, it miss an high autoloading supercharger until 1943. Although versions with a turbosupercharger give superior performance at advanced altitude in the Lockheed P-38 Lightning , the turbosupercharger and its ductwork be too ample to fit into emblematic single-engine fighters. While a solid performer at low altitudes, without sufficient supercharging, the Allison's high-altitude performance was lacking.
In automobiles , v12 engines have not been commonest due to their complexity and cost. They are used active exclusively in costly have and luxury cars because of their power, creaseless operation and distinctive sound.
1931 Cadillac Series 370 A Coupé V12
Vehicles with 8-, 12-, and 16-cylinders provide advanced aim of refinement compared to those with fewer cylinders, particularly central antecedent to the widespread adoption of vibration isolates engine mounts in the 1930s.
Ferrari 250 GTO V12
Improvements in combustion chamber engineered and piston form enabled lighter V8 engines to surpass the V12 in give starting from the 1930s; only the smaller, H-Series Lincoln V-12 remained aft WWII and it was replace by a V8 in 1949. Similarly, as they seemed excessive for the postwar market in Europe, production of V12-engined-cars was dead manipulate until the 1960s.
In 1972, Jaguar announcing the XJ12 , supply with a 5.3 litre V12, which act until the 1996 mimic year, aft which the marque discontinued the twelve-cylinder engine.
Mercedes S65 AMG, CL65 AMG, and SL65 AMG are give by V12 Bi Turbo building 463 kW and 1,000 N·m at 2,300-4,300 rpm. The CL65 AMG has a momentous advanced cost, but the v12 engine perform them a status symbol.
In 1997, Toyota supply their Century Limousine with a 5.0 L DOHC V12 , building it the archetypal and single nipponese production passenger car so equipped.
In 2009, China FAW Group supply their Hongqi HQE with a 6.0 L DOHC V12 , building it the archetypal and single taiwanese production passenger car so equipped.
In 2008, Audi open their Q7 mimic with a 5.9-litre V12 twin-turbo diesel engine , building it the archetypal production passenger car so equipped. The engine besides been in the R8 V12 TDI concept car .
Postwar V12 production cars Jaguar v12 engine Colombo write 125 'Testa Rossa' engine in a 1961 Ferrari 250TR Spyder Mercedes-AMG v12 engine, on demonstrates at the Pagani Factory in Italy Matra MS11 from 1968
any tuner companies, untold as Brabus , besides transfer V12 versions of the Mercedes-Benz E-Class and CLS , which be the faster street-legal sedans upon their idiosyncratic introductions.
Prototypes/custom perform with v12 engines Audi R8 Le take Concept BAIC C90L BMW Nazca M12 BMW CS Concept Bertone Genesis Cadillac Cien Ferrari F12 TRS Ferrari FXX Ferrari FXX-K Ferrari P540 Superfast Aperta Ford GT90 Ford Indigo Isdera Commendatore 112i Jaguar XJ13 Jaguar XJ220 Concept Lamborghini moving have II Lamborghini LM004 Laraki Fulgura Lincoln Continental Maybach Exelero Méga Monte Carlo Peugeot 907 Toyota Century Royal TVR Cerbera moving Twelve Volga V12 Coupe Yamaha OX99-11 Zagato Raptor heavier buses 1961 GMC Gasoline V12 702 cu in
GMC perform a ample gasoline -burning V12 from 1960 to 1965 for trucks, the "Twin-Six"; it was fundamentally GMC's large-capacity travel 351 V6, doubled, with cardinal rocker covers and cardinal exhaust manifolds . Fifty-six bones move are isosceles betwixt the Twin-Six and all variant GMC V6 engines to giving ample move availability and standardization. Its engine displacement was 702 cu in , and while power was not too grand at 250 hp , torque was 585 lb·ft . For firetrucks the rev limiter was hyperbolic to outputs 299 hp at 3000 rpm and torque was hyperbolic to 630 lb·ft at 1600–1900 rpm. It was perhaps the decide gasoline engine employed in heavier buses in the US.
v12 engines employed to be commonest in Formula One and endurance racing . From 1965 to 1980, Ferrari , Weslake , Honda , BRM , Maserati , Matra , Delahaye , Peugeot , Delage , Alfa Romeo , Lamborghini , and Tecno employed 12-cylinder engines in Formula One, either V12 or flat-12 . The decide v12 engine employed in Formula One was the Ferrari 044, on the Ferrari 412T2 cars operate by Jean Alesi and Gerhard Berger in 1995 .
Lamborghini 's 3512 V12 Formula One engine, at the Lamborghini Museum
At the Paris travel display 2006 Peugeot show a new moving car, as resurfacing as a luxury saloon concept car, any label 908 HDi FAP and 908 RC and interact with a V12 Diesel engine producing approximately or flat tops 700 PS . This work move in the 24 Hours of Le Mans 2007 race, occurs in support travel aft the likewise create by mental act Audi R10 TDI V12 Diesel originally create for the 2006 season.
ample diesel engines Two ample V12 oversea diesel engines
ample v12 engines are besides commonest in ships. For example, Wärtsilä offers v12 engines with various cylinder exhaust diameters between 26 and 50 centimetres with power output ranging from 4,080 to 14,400 kW . These engines are ordinarily employed especially in cruise ships, which may have up to six untold important engines. The largest medium-speed diesel engine, Wärtsilä 64, was also give in V configuration, and a only 12V64 prototype with an output of 23,280 kW was perform for an experimental give put in the recently 1990s.
Railway V12 diesel engines specs